"I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud"
(also commonly known as "Daffodils" is a lyric poem by William
Wordsworth. It is Wordsworth's most famous work.The poem was inspired by an event on 15 April 1802, in which Wordsworth and his sister Dorothy came across a "long belt" of daffodils. Written some time between 1804 and 1807 (in 1804 by Wordsworth's own account), it was first published in 1807 in Poems in Two Volumes, and a revised version was published in 1815.
In a poll conducted in 1995 by the BBC Radio 4 Bookworm programmer to determine the nation's favourite poems, I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud came fifth. Often anthologized, the poem is commonly seen as a classic of English romantic poetry, although Poems in Two Volumes, in which it first appeared, was poorly reviewed by Wordsworth's contemporaries.
The inspiration for the poem came from a walk Wordsworth took with his sister Dorothy around Glencoyne Bay, Ullswater, in the Lake District. He would draw on this to compose "I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud" in 1804, inspired by Dorothy's journal entry describing the walk:
When we were in the woods beyond Gowbarrow park we saw a few daffodils close to the water side, we fancied that the lake had floated the seed ashore & that the little colony had so sprung up – But as we went along there were more & yet more & at last under the boughs of the trees, we saw that there was a long belt of them along the shore, about the breadth of a country turnpike road. I never saw daffodils so beautiful they grew among the mossy stones about and about them, some rested their heads upon these stones as on a pillow for weariness & the rest tossed and reeled and danced & seemed as if they verily laughed with the wind that blew upon them over the Lake, they looked so gay ever dancing ever changing. This wind blew directly over the lake to them. There was here & there a little knot & a few stragglers a few yards higher up but they were so few as not to disturb the simplicity & unity & life of that one busy highway – We rested again & again. The Bays were stormy & we heard the waves at different distances & in the middle of the water like the Sea.
— Dorothy Wordsworth,
The Grasmere Journal Thursday, 15 April 1802
At the time he wrote the poem, Wordsworth was
living with his wife, Mary Hutchinson, and sister Dorothy at Town End, in Grasmere
in England's Lake District. Mary contributed what Wordsworth later
said were the two best lines in the poem, recalling the "tranquil
restoration" of Tintern Abbey,
They
flash upon that inward eye
Which
is the bliss of solitude
The entire household thus contributed to the
poem.Nevertheless, Wordsworth's biographer Mary Moorman, notes that Dorothy was
excluded from the poem, even though she had seen the daffodils together with
Wordsworth. The poem itself was placed in a section of Poems in Two Volumes
entitled Moods of my Mind in which he grouped together his most deeply
felt lyrics. Others included To a Butterfly, a childhood recollection of
chasing butterflies with Dorothy, and The Sparrow's Nest, in which he
says of Dorothy "She gave me eyes, she gave me ears".The earlier Lyrical Ballads, a collection of poems by both himself and Samuel Taylor Coleridge, had been first published in 1798 and had started the romantic movement in England. It had brought Wordsworth and the other Lake poets into the poetic limelight. Wordsworth had published nothing new since the 1800 edition of Lyrical Ballads, and a new publication was eagerly awaited.Wordsworth had, however, gained some financial security by the 1805 publication of the fourth edition of Lyrical Ballads; it was the first from which he enjoyed the profits of copyright ownership. He decided to turn away from the long poem he was working on (The Recluse) and devote more attention to publishing Poems in Two Volumes, in which "I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud" first appeared.
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